{"id":1461,"date":"2023-07-29T20:57:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T20:57:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/?page_id=1461"},"modified":"2023-08-22T00:45:45","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T00:45:45","slug":"abstract","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/","title":{"rendered":"Abstract\/Avant-garde"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-square tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:13,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/spoke-network.org\\\/courses\\\/russianhistory\\\/abstract\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:97948168}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 1218px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/kandinsky_blue_mountain_1909\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1465\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2368,2560\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg?fit=278%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg?fit=947%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kandinsky_Blue_Mountain_1909-scaled.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Vasilii Kandinskii, Blue Mountain (1909)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Vasilii Kandinskii, <em>Blue Mountain<\/em> (1909) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/malevich_knifegrinder_1912\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1466\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2150,2160\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?fit=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?fit=1019%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?w=2150&amp;ssl=1 2150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=1019%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1019w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=250%2C251&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=1529%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1529w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=2039%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 2039w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_KnifeGrinder_1912.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Kazimir Malevich, The Knifegrinder. Principles of Glittering (1912)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Kazimir Malevich, <em>The Knifegrinder. Principles of Glittering<\/em> (1912) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/goncharova_cyclist_1913\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1468\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,901\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?fit=1024%2C769&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Cyclist_1913.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Natal&#039;ia Goncharova, The Cyclist (1913)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Natal&#8217;ia Goncharova, <em>The Cyclist<\/em> (1913) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/goncharova_rayonist_lillies_1913\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1469\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"880,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?fit=220%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?fit=751%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Goncharova_Rayonist_Lillies_1913.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Natal&#039;ia Goncharova, Rayonist Lillies (1913)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Natal&#8217;ia Goncharova, <em>Rayonist Lillies<\/em> (1913) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/vassily_kandinsky_composition_6_1913\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1470\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1132,745\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?fit=300%2C197&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?fit=1024%2C674&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_6_1913.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Vasilii Kandinskii, Composition VI (1913)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Vasilii Kandinskii, <em>Composition VI<\/em> (1913) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 1218px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/vassily_kandinsky_composition_7_1913\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1471\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,657\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?fit=300%2C197&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?fit=1000%2C657&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Vassily_Kandinsky_Composition_7_1913.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Vasilii Kandinskii, Composition VII (1930)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Vasilii Kandinskii, <em>Composition VII<\/em> (1930) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/pavel_filonov_peasantfamily_holyfamily_1914\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1472\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1441,1982\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;FinePix F20&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1183832527&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.013333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?fit=218%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?fit=744%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Pavel_Filonov_PeasantFamily_HolyFamily_1914.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Pavel Filonov, A Peasant Family (The Holy Family) (1914)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Pavel Filonov, <em>A Peasant Family (The Holy Family)<\/em> (1914) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/malevich_suprematism_1915\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1473\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1873,2160\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?fit=260%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?fit=888%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Suprematism_1915.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Kazimi Malevich, Suprematism (1915)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Kazimi Malevich, <em>Suprematism<\/em> (1915) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/malevich_black-square_1915\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1475\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1718,1724\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?fit=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?fit=1020%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?w=1718&amp;ssl=1 1718w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=1020%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1020w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=250%2C251&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=768%2C771&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=1531%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1531w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Black-Square_1915.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Kazimir Malevich, Black Square (1915)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Kazimir Malevich, <em>Black Square<\/em> (1915) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/klinom_krasnim_by_el_lisitskiy_1920\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1483\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"849,685\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?fit=300%2C242&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?fit=849%2C685&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Klinom_Krasnim_by_El_Lisitskiy_1920.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"El Lissitzky, Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge (1920)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> El Lissitzky, <em>Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge<\/em> (1920) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 1218px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/chashnik_suprematism_1923\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1476\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1525,2159\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?fit=212%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?fit=723%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Suprematism_1923.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Il&#039;ia Chashnik, Suprematism (1923)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Il&#8217;ia Chashnik, <em>Suprematism<\/em> (1923) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/chashnik_cosmos_1925\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1478\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2200,2560\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg?fit=258%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg?fit=880%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Chashnik_Cosmos_1925-scaled.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Il&#039;ia Chashnik, Cosmos. Red Circle on Black Surface (1925)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Il&#8217;ia Chashnik, <em>Cosmos. Red Circle on Black Surface<\/em> (1925) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1479\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"744,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?fit=223%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?fit=744%2C1000&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_head-of-a-peasant-1929.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Kazimir Malevich, Head of a Peasant (1929)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Kazimir Malevich, <em>Head of a Peasant<\/em> (1929) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/malevich_running-man_1932\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1480\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"728,918\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?fit=238%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?fit=728%2C918&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_running-man_1932.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Kazimir Malevich, Running Man (1929)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Kazimir Malevich, <em>Running Man<\/em> (1929) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/abstract\/malevich_red-cavalry_1932\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1482\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,930\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?fit=300%2C218&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?fit=1024%2C744&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Malevich_Red-Cavalry_1932.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Kazimir Malevich, Red Cavalry (1932)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Kazimir Malevich, <em>Red Cavalry<\/em> (1932) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":1471,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1461","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P6CYNa-nz","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1553,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/repository\/","url_meta":{"origin":1461,"position":0},"title":"Repository","author":"Prof. Palmer","date":"August 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Welcome to the Repository ...the landing page for the sights and sounds of \"Russian Culture.\" Here you'll find a comprehensive collection of essential images, musical works, and other products of creative genius covered during the course of the course. The Respository is intended to provide you with 24\/7 access to\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/08\/Gallery_150px.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":657,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/xi-the-crisis-of-russian-autocracy\/","url_meta":{"origin":1461,"position":1},"title":"XI. The Crisis of Russian Autocracy","author":"Prof. Palmer","date":"February 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Revolution, Act I \u00a0 Gary Saul Morson, \"Suicide of the Liberals,\" First Things (October 2020)| essay Karl Marx,\u00a0The Communist Manifesto | various formats Suggested Readings: Michael Glenny, \"Leonid Krasin: The Years before 1917: An Outline,\"\u00a0Soviet Studies 22:2 (October, 1970), 192-221 Michael Melancon, \"The Socialist Revolutionaries from 1902 to 1907: Peasant\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2021\/04\/12-Rvolution-Act-I.jpeg?fit=1200%2C257&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2021\/04\/12-Rvolution-Act-I.jpeg?fit=1200%2C257&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2021\/04\/12-Rvolution-Act-I.jpeg?fit=1200%2C257&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2021\/04\/12-Rvolution-Act-I.jpeg?fit=1200%2C257&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2021\/04\/12-Rvolution-Act-I.jpeg?fit=1200%2C257&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3113,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/gallery\/","url_meta":{"origin":1461,"position":2},"title":"Gallery","author":"gensek","date":"August 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2893,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/course-schedule\/","url_meta":{"origin":1461,"position":3},"title":"Course Schedule","author":"gensek","date":"December 15, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"SPRING 2025 Students are expected to complete all required readings, viewings, & browsings in a timely fashion. Note: links appearing in the schedule will open a new window in your browser Unit 1: Contexts 13 Jan (Mon): Introduction Required: \"Reading Historically\" [.pdf] \"Reading (and Understanding) Literature\" [.pdf] \"Viewing (and Understanding)\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2293,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/course-schedule-spring-2024\/","url_meta":{"origin":1461,"position":4},"title":"Course Schedule (Spring 2024)","author":"gensek","date":"December 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Students are expected to complete all required readings, viewings, & browsings before the date of the corresponding class meeting below Note: links appearing in the schedule will open a new window in your browser Unit 0: Six Degrees of Russian Separation 16 Jan (Tue): Introduction Required: \"Reading Historically\" [.pdf] \"Reading\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3200,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/smu-schedule\/","url_meta":{"origin":1461,"position":5},"title":"SMU Schedule","author":"gensek","date":"August 13, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Fall 2025 All required readings, viewings, & browsings should be completed before the date of the corresponding class meeting below Note: links appearing in the schedule will open a new window in your browser Unit 0: Six Degrees of Russian Separation 25 Aug (Mon): Introduction Recommended: \"Reading Historically\" [.pdf] \"Reading\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1461"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1869,"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1461\/revisions\/1869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}