{"id":1298,"date":"2023-07-21T23:13:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T23:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/?page_id=1298"},"modified":"2026-08-17T09:52:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T09:52:15","slug":"landscapes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Landscapes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-square tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:13,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/spoke-network.org\\\/courses\\\/russianhistory\\\/landscapes\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:97948168}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 1218px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 304px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"304\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/fedor_alekseyev_-_%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8f_%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%89%d0%b0%d0%b4%d1%8c_%d0%b2_%d0%bc%d0%be%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b2%d0%b5_1801\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"300\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"300\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1363\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Fedor_Alekseyev_-_\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f_\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c_\u0432_\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435_1801-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1777\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Fedor_Alekseyev_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_1801-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C208&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Fedor_Alekseyev_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_1801-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C711&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Fedor_Alekseyev_-_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_1801-scaled.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"300\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Feodor Alekseev, Red Square (1801)\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 300px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Feodor Alekseev, <em>Red Square<\/em> (1801) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 304px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"304\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/schedrin_newrome_1823\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"300\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"300\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1353\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1667,1228\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?fit=300%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?fit=1024%2C754&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=300%2C300 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Schedrin_NewRome_1823.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=300%2C300 900w\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"300\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Sylvester Shchedrin, New Rome. Caste of Saint&#039;Angelo (1823)\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 300px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Sylvester Shchedrin, <em>New Rome. Caste of Saint&#8217;Angelo<\/em> (1823) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 304px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"304\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/aivazovsky_stormy_sea_at_night_1849\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"300\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"300\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1361\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1460,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?fit=300%2C247&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?fit=1024%2C842&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=300%2C300 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_Stormy_sea_at_night_1849.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=300%2C300 900w\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"300\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Ivan Aivazovskii, Stormy Sea at Night (1849)\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 300px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Ivan Aivazovskii, <em>Stormy Sea at Night<\/em> (1849) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 304px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"304\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/aivazovsky_-_the_ninth_wave_1850\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"300\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"300\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1360\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_1850-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1720\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_1850-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C202&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_1850-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C688&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_1850-scaled.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"300\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Ivan Aivazovskii, Ninth Wave (1850)\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 300px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Ivan Aivazovskii, <em>Ninth Wave<\/em> (1850) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 1218px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/savrasov_rooks_have_returned_1871\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1365\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1535,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?fit=230%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?fit=786%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_Rooks_have_returned_1871.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Aleksei Savrasov, The Rooks Have Returned (1871)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Aleksei Savrasov, <em>The Rooks Have Returned<\/em> (1871) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/kuindzhi_lake_ladoga_1873\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1366\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1554,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?fit=233%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?fit=796%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Lake_Ladoga_1873.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Arkhip Kuindzhi, Lake Ladoga (1873)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Arkhip Kuindzhi, <em>Lake Ladoga<\/em> (1873) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/ivan_shishkin_-_%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b6%d1%8c_1879\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1356\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_\u0420\u043e\u0436\u044c_1879-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1443\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_1879-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C169&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_1879-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C577&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Ivan_Shishkin_-_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C_1879-scaled.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Ivan Shishkin, <em>Rye<\/em> (1878) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/polenov_moscow_courtyard_1878\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1358\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,2111\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C247&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C844&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Polenov_Moscow_Courtyard_1878-scaled.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Vasilii Polenov, Moscow Courtyard (1878)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Vasilii Polenov, <em>Moscow Courtyard<\/em> (1878) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/sony-dsc\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1355\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1476,758\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?fit=300%2C154&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?fit=1024%2C526&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kyuindzhi_Birch_Grove_1879.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Arkhip Kuindzhi, Birch Grove (1879)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Arkhip Kuindzhi, <em>Birch Grove<\/em> (1879) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 1218px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"1218\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/kuindzhi_moonlit_night_on_the_dnieper_1880\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1362\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1742\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?fit=300%2C218&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?fit=1024%2C743&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Kuindzhi_Moonlit_night_on_the_Dnieper_1880.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Arkhip Kuindzhi, Moonlit Night on the Dniepr&#039; (1880)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Arkhip Kuindzhi, <em>Moonlit Night on the Dniepr&#8217;<\/em> (1880) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/shishkin_morning_pine_forrest_1889\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1364\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Shishkin_Morning_Pine_Forrest_1889-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1734\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Shishkin_Morning_Pine_Forrest_1889-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C203&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Shishkin_Morning_Pine_Forrest_1889-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C694&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Shishkin_Morning_Pine_Forrest_1889-scaled.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Ivan Shishkin, Morning in a Pine Forest (1889)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Ivan Shishkin, <em>Morning in a Pine Forest<\/em> (1889) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/pz-401-013-1485\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1368\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1656\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C194&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C663&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_Vladimirka_1892-scaled.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Isaak Levitan,Vladimirka (1892)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Isaak Levitan,<em>Vladimirka<\/em> (1892) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/0-t-umax-powerlook-3000-v1-5-5\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1357\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1434\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?fit=300%2C215&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?fit=1024%2C734&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Levitan_nad_vech_pok_1894.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Isaak Levitan, Eternal Peace (1894)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Isaak Levitan, <em>Eternal Peace<\/em> (1894) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 243px; height: 243px;\" data-original-width=\"243\" data-original-height=\"243\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/landscapes\/savrasov_rasputitsa_1894\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"239\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"239\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1367\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1560\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?fit=300%2C234&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?fit=1024%2C799&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?w=239&#038;h=239&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?resize=250%2C250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?resize=270%2C270&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?resize=230%2C230&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=239%2C239 478w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/07\/Savrasov_rasputitsa_1894.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=239%2C239 717w\" width=\"239\" height=\"239\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"239\" data-original-height=\"239\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Aleksei Savrasov, Rasputitsa (1894)\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 239px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Aleksei Savrasov, <em>Rasputitsa<\/em> (1894) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":1356,"parent":0,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-1298","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","","tg-column-two"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P6CYNa-kW","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1553,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/repository\/","url_meta":{"origin":1298,"position":0},"title":"Repository","author":"Prof. Palmer","date":"August 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Welcome to the Repository ...the landing page for the sights and sounds of \"Russian Culture.\" Here you'll find a comprehensive collection of essential images, musical works, and other products of creative genius covered during the course of the course. The Respository is intended to provide you with 24\/7 access to\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/files\/2023\/08\/Gallery_150px.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3113,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/gallery\/","url_meta":{"origin":1298,"position":1},"title":"Gallery","author":"gensek","date":"August 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2648,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/key-terms-3\/","url_meta":{"origin":1298,"position":2},"title":"Key Terms 3","author":"gensek","date":"April 9, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Fin-de-si\u00e8cle Society and Culture Crimean War (1853\u20131856) Aleksandr II (r. 1855-1881) Narodniki (\"Populists\") Peter Lavrov Narodnaia vol'ia (\"The People's Will\") Aleksandr III (r. 1881\u20131894) Maxim Gorky Vladimir Solov'ev Mir isskustva (The World of Art) Viktor Vasnetsov Warrior at the Crossroads (1878) Ivan Bilibin Revolutionary Dreams Cubisim Futurism Vasilii Kamensky Victory\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3143,"url":"https:\/\/spoke-network.org\/courses\/russianhistory\/uta-requirements\/","url_meta":{"origin":1298,"position":3},"title":"UTA Requirements","author":"gensek","date":"August 13, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"REQUIREMENTS: (Note: All due dates appear in the \"Course Schedule\" above) Participation: 10% Students are expected to be active participants in twice weekly course meetings and to contribute meaningfully to associated activities. 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